Technology s Impact On Education - 1851 Words

Cameron Klabunde Ivy Tech 111 Ms. DeShaney 5-12-17 Technology’s Impact on Education How is technology transforming education? Over the past few decades, one will see that technology has become more prominent in daily use. In fact, today, most Americans use some type of technology each day. As a result, technology is beginning to shape how everyone thinks and processes information, especially children. In recent years, schools have begun to incorporate technology in classroom settings and technology use in the classroom continues to expand. In fact, many schools are adopting one to one classrooms where each student has his or her own computer or tablet. As more schools continue to develop these types of classroom settings, people begin to†¦show more content†¦When a student is on his or her computer, the student has the entire internet to utilize. Because of this, students have easy access to many distracting sites including video games, music apps, and social media sites. The easy access to sites like those listed inc reases the amount of time the teacher has to get the students back on track and focusing on what is being taught in class. Furthermore, according to a study done questioning teachers, eighty-seven percent of teachers reported that technology is causing students to have short attention spans (Should). This study is proved by another study that found that technology reduced people’s cognition scores by twenty percent (Sullivan). Not only does technology cause students to have short attention spans, technology opens many new opportunities for students to cheat. In the past, students would write on their arms or shoes, but the increasing technology is creating ways for students to find test answers online during the test and to find websites to do their homework for them while they are sitting in class (Keilman). While students always found ways to cheat, these new cheating methods are making it extremely difficult to test whether students actually know how to do the work that is assigned to them. Furthermore, where cheating onShow MoreRelatedTechnology s Growing Impact On Teachers And Education1764 Words   |  8 PagesPrincesse Mbengang Professor Jason Wise English 103 16 September 2015 Technology’s growing Impact on Teachers and Education A cold February morning, I step off the school bus to make it to my locker and leave my backpack. I could not open my locker and the bell rang. I was eleven or twelve when I entered middle school. My English was somewhat mediocre, so I was afraid to ask for help more than once and not get embarrassed. I was still cold and nervous on my way to class. I had on a multicoloredRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesRATIONALE The predominance of technology has significantly influenced our society. Technology is being used all over the place, anywhere and is instant. When we say technology, it can mean a lot of things. But according to the New Zealand Ministry of Education, â€Å"technology is the use of practical and intellectual resources to develop products and systems (technological outcomes) that expand human possibilities by addressing needs and realising opportunities.† Technology is currently more complex andRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay976 Words   |  4 Pages2010 report by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past thirty years. As well as having an impact on health, studies have cited a relationship between obesity and poor school performance as well as a child’s readiness for learning and education. This can be correlated with studies finding â€Å"obese children have a greater risk of social a nd psychological problems, such as discrimination and poor self-esteem† (The CentersRead MorePositives And Negatives Of Technology1037 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this research is to identify the positives and negatives of technology. Those positive and negatives include healthcare, jobs, education, and the environment. The aspects of technology are rapidly changing forcing us worldwide to adapt to those changes. The study concludes that technology could harm out environment with possible pollution in the air and could potentially lead to job loss in the future. The larger technology becomes workers are increasing their productivity, but median incomeRead More21st Century Classrooms Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesIn education today there is the view to link educational strategies, programs, initiatives, or technology to student achievement. There are many groups and organizations that are advocating for increased technology literacy. Generally in all aspects of our socie ty, technology has revolutionized and in many ways simplified while enhancing our way of life. It is no surprise that the public expects that technology should have a similar effect on education. Over the past 20 years there have been so manyRead MoreSocial Change And The 21st Century Classroom1464 Words   |  6 PagesWhile 21st Century learning and teaching is always changing, it is as dynamic as the world around us. There are many factors including globalisation, social change and technology, which are driving changes in education, with a variety of positive and negative impacts on teaching and learning in the 21st Century. With ongoing changes in teaching practices, which in turn changes the attitudes of today’s teachers and learners. A 21st century classroom is a productive environment where the teachers areRead MoreThe Changes Within The Student Population At The Moment And The Role Is Played By Technology1619 Words   |  7 Pageswe discuss the various changes that a re happening around us because of the technologies that are to be made in order to discuss the changes within the student population at the moment and the role which is played by technology. Then it is shown how the changes are being made in society can affect the requirements for graduates who are about to be employed. These requirements are brought into light by the fact that technology integration will play a larger role in changing our teaching environmentsRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1087 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is one of the biggest advancement in the history of our universe, and the powers of it are good and bad. People mainly gain from the use of technology and its many uses. Without technology today, the world would be a much, much different place because of the major setback in communication and other activities and resources. The things that technology impacts are family, education, and health. Family is one area technology impacts life in general. â€Å"88% of Americans adults haveRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education And Revealed Reactions1666 Words   |  7 Pagesdetect the impact of technology on education and revealed reactions for both students and teachers of using technology in classroom. These researches has given us three results: 1) Some research has shown a dramatic difference between the schools in the past and now. 2) What Is Successful Technology Integration? 3) However, some of researches indicate to several difficulties and disadvantages that associated with using technology. What Is Successful Technology Integration? The education in theRead MoreThe Primary Mission Of Universities Should Be Preparing Students For The Workforce Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesWORKFORCE To what extent do you agree? Higher education is an educational level that follows a completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, or gymnasium. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges, universities, and institutes of technology are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting

International Accounting Testbank - 2832 Words

Chapter 01 Introduction to International Accounting Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following groups is a supranational organization? A) United Nations B) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development C) International Federation of Accountants D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Easy LO: 1 2. Determination of net present value involves: A) forecasting future profits and cash flows. B) discounting future cash flows back to their present value. C) analysis on an after-tax basis. D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Medium LO: 1 3. International accounting can be defined in†¦show more content†¦A) Reduce costs of doing business B) Protect domestic markets C) Protect foreign markets D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Easy LO: 3 14. A translation adjustment may be necessary when: A) notes to financial statements are converted from one language to another. B) foreign currency financial statements are converted to another currency. C) consolidated financial statements are prepared. D) hedging foreign currency. Answer: B Level: Medium LO: 2, 3 15. What is â€Å"transfer pricing?† A) The cost to convert from one countrys GAAP to another countrys GAAP B) The value of sales made in a foreign country C) The method of recording transactions between divisions within the same company D) The taxes paid on sales in a foreign country Answer: C Level: Easy LO: 3 16. ABCO Corporation has a parts division in country A. Its assembly division is in country B, which has a higher tax rate than country A. To minimize the corporations overall income tax, how should ABCO set its transfer prices between its parts and assembly divisions? A) The parts division should sell parts to the assembly division at low prices. B) The parts division should sell parts to the assembly division at high prices. C) It doesnt matter what transfer price isShow MoreRelatedAcct2542 Essays3989 Words   |  16 PagesTestbank to accompany Company Accounting 10e by Ken Leo, Jeffrey Knapp, Sue McGowan John Sweeting Prepared by Peter Baxter [pic]  © John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd 2015 Chapter 1: Nature and regulation of companies Multiple-choice questions 1. The advantages of a company over a partnership and sole trader do not include which of the following? a. Members are able to sell their shares at any time to another person without having to obtain permissionRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesDear All, If you need any solution manual, testbank for testbooks from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. Contact us: smtbportal@gmail.com smtbportal(at)gmail(dot)com 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Test Bank 2010 Federal Taxation with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt KulsrudRead MoreReed Supermarket Case32354 Words   |  130 Pagesthe ï ¬ rm’s international competitiveness Part I Case studies 3 5 49 71 103 146 PART II DECIDING WHICH MARKETS TO ENTER 5 6 7 8 Global marketing research The political and economic environment The sociocultural environment The international market selection process Part II Case studies 171 173 203 233 260 296 PART III MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES 9 10 11 12 13 Some approaches to the choice of entry mode Export modes Intermediate entry modes Hierarchical modes International sourcing decisionsRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages19 20 25 27 27 28 28 29 Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Introducing Strategy The Environment Strategic Capabilities Strategic Purpose Culture and Strategy Business Strategy Corporate Strategy and Diversification International Strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances Evaluating Strategies Strategy Development Processes Organising for Success Leadership and Strategic Change The Practice of Strategy Pages 30 37 47 59 69 79 88 99

Yongzheng Emperor Free Essays

Juan Portem Aisin Gioro Yinzhen, the Yongzheng emperor, ruled from 1723 to 1735 and succeeded his father, Aisin Gioro Xuanye, who was known as one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history. In order to live up to his father’s name and his position Yongzheng had to produce an organized, thriving society. To do this, Yongzheng’s ideal of moral leadership was based on a strict centralization of imperial control, regardless of the funds required or the obstacles ahead. We will write a custom essay sample on Yongzheng Emperor or any similar topic only for you Order Now By centralizing imperial control he gains the ability to control the nation as a whole and his citizens as one unified society rather than a disordered society. Some of his policies that demonstrated his focus on centralization of imperial control included eliminating gentry tax breaks and folding the head tax into the land tax, and although it was unsuccessful, he also attempted to make a form of Chinese the standard spoken language within his nation. In addition, he focused on using his power to centrally control local grain reserves and liberate servile tenants, agricultural workers, and other degraded status groups. Many, if not all, of these actions have one similar common idea which is simplification and by simplifying the society he can assert his power and authority properly as an adequate emperor. For instance, his attempt to make a certain form of Chinese the standard language would have led to a nation that has citizens that all understand each other, allowing them to express their thoughts appropriately to their emperor. Essentially, Yongzheng believes that the key to good government and an orderly, prosperous society lies within simplicity. Complicated situations only causes struggle and difficulty, so by minimizing these complicated situations Yongzheng can focus much more on the flourishing of his nation. How to cite Yongzheng Emperor, Papers

Beowulf and Christianity Essay Example For Students

Beowulf and Christianity Essay A Critical Response to Beowulf After reading the story Beowulf as translated by Burton Raffel, I saw two aspects of this story written in the Anglo-Saxon period. When reading the story you notice that there are multiple aspects of paganism and of Christianity included in the story. Many scholars have debated whether of not a monk might have written it during the paganism period or whether a second author might have added to the story later on in history. I believe that it might have been written by a monk who decided to add to it while he wrote the original. I also that even though pagan ideas were implemented into the story, the Christian ideas are more prominent. Firstly, there were many pagan ideas in the book. One of the non-Christian things that Beowulf and his men did was to drink at Herot. (19-20) The men there at Herot were drinking and some were drunk which is a sin in the Bible. Other pagan ideals include that of Beowulf being full in himself and wanting to be remembered rather than doing it out of the kindness of his heart. 19-20) During this part of the story, Beowulf talks about how many monsters he has slayed and how he will be remembered for killing Grendel. He also talks about this at the end of the story when Beowulf is dying. (37) He says, â€Å"†¦ The brave Geats build me a tomb, when the funeral flames have burned me, and build it Here, at the water’s edge, high on this spit of land, so sailors can see this tower, and remember my name†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Secondly, in the story I believe that the Christian aspec ts of the story overpower the pagan beliefs. I think that the story of Beowulf closely resembles the story of Jesus in the Bible. In the Bible, you have the conflict of Jesus and Satan, and in the story you have the conflict of Beowulf and Grendel. It also presents the good vs. evil theme as well as the Bible. The story also refers to Grendel as being a descendent of Cain (14) from the very beginning. This comes from a story in the Bible. Taking this story another step further, you can parallel the death of Christ to the death of Beowulf. In the 14 section, literally described as the â€Å"Final Battle† he takes on a dragon, (also a form of Satan) and ends up fighting and defeating the dragon. Beowulf defeats evil but pays a price in the end. Just as Jesus died on the cross to defeat evil for all of the world, Beowulf also gives his life while defeating â€Å"evil† to save the Geats. In conclusion, I believe that the Christian overtones of the story overpower the pagan beliefs. In the end, I think that a monk might have written this and incorporated the Christian beliefs into the story.

History of Nigeria free essay sample

Trace the history of Nigeria from pre-colonial era to date highlighting the leaders that rule the country at various levels, also indicate specific date of leadership. ? QUESTION: Trace the history of Nigeria from pre-colonial era to date highlighting the leaders that rule the country at various levels, also indicate specific date of leadership. INTRODUCTION For one to be able to do justice to a question of this nature, it would be better if one is at latitude to write without a constraint. However, going by given benchmark an attempt would be made to achieve this. Historically, the country Nigeria came about due largely to the merchant activities of the British traders whom in their quest for larger market, raw materials and the need to exert political influence overseas led them to kick start a project that resorted into a birth of what today is known and called Nigeria. Before this, there were series of activities of leaders of various organized communities like that of the Igbos, Ibibios, Hausa/Fulani and Yoruba as well as the advent of the colonialist and the amalgamation of protectorates, constitutional development cum nationalist movement which majorly facilitated the formation of Nigeria as well as the subsequent grant of independence. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page EARLY HISTORY OF NIGERIA Nigeria was a creation of the British colonial adventurer and empire builder. The Match for markets, raw materials and the need to exert political nfluence overseas led Britain to journey to places as distant as Wikki in present day Borno State. To the Northwest; Sokoto came under her influence too. Deriving the name Nigeria from the word Niger the name of the river that constitutes the most remarkable geographical feature, the colonial master coupled together the diverse peoples North and South of the river and its tributary — the Benue — into a modem nation-state. The external influence resulting from this trade brought tremendous impact on Nigeria. From the late 15th Century, Europeans began frequenting the Bights of Benin (now the Bights of Bonny), in search of tropical products and slaves. By the eighteenth century, the ports of Nigerian coastlines, mainly Lagos, Brass, Bonny and Old Calahar, had become centres of the trans-atlantic slave trade. Trade routes from these ports extended through the comnmunities of the South to the Hausa States. But the industrial revolution and the advent of the machine made the trade unnecessary and unprofitable. The aftermath was an increased interest in palm oil trade. In 1849, the British Government appointed John Beecroft as the Governor of Bights of Benin and Bonny His job was to regulate commercial relations with the coastal city States. Backed by fierce gunboats, he interfered with the internal affairs of these States and the process which culminated in the imposition of colonial rule came afoot. There were also missionary interests at play. In 1861, Lagos was proclaimed crown colony. And through the initiative of the United Africa Company, formed by George Goldie, through an amalgamation of British firms in 1879, most of the parts which became Northern Nigeria were preserved as British sphere to the chagrin of French and German competitors. Nigeria was first administered by the colonial masters as kingdoms before it was gradually knitted together by an act of amalgamation. Bellow are the kingdoms under which Nigeria existed. Hausa/Fulani History has it that the Fulani took over the political leadership of the Habe (Hausa) states in the early 19th century. The Jihad that took place hitherto was seen as a religious one as well as political. Othman Dan Fodio led the Fulani Jihad and took over the political leadership of the entire Hausa state and established the Sokoto Caliphate with an outstanding centralized political system of government. He then introduced a new system of selecting and appointing rulers described as Emirs who were given powers to rule the caliphate. Each of the Emirs owed allegiance to Othman Dan Fodio and his two representatives in Gwandu and Sokoto. The caliphate was divided into emirates and each emirate was headed by Emir. He had the responsibility of making laws, enforcing them and maintaining peace and order in his emirate. He is expected to administer the emirate in accordance with the provisions of the Islamic and sharia laws. In fact he was believed to have the divine right to rule. However, each Emir was assisted in the administration of emirate by a number of advisers among these are: waziri, galadima, madaki, dogari, maaji, sarkin ruwa, sarkin fada and sarkin pawa. With these advisers he was able to administer his emirate successfully. Yoruba Kingdom Historically the Yoruba people have been the dominant group on the west bank of the Niger. Their nearest linguistic relatives are the Igala who live on the opposite side of the Nigers divergence from the Benue, and from whom they are believed to have split about 2,000 years ago. The Yoruba were organized in mostly patrilineal groups that occupied village communities and subsisted on agriculture. From approximately the 8th century A. D. , adjacent village compounds called ile coalesced into numerous territorial city-states in which clan loyalties became subordinate to dynastic chieftains. Urbanization was accompanied by high levels of artistic achievement, particularly in terracotta and ivory sculpture and in the sophisticated metal casting produced at Ife. The Yoruba paid (and a number of them around the world still pay) tribute to a pantheon composed of an impersonal Supreme Deity, Olorun, and 400 lesser deities who perform various tasks. Oduduwa is regarded as both the creator of the earth and the ancestor of the Yoruba kings. According to one of the various myths about him, he founded Ife and dispatched his sons and daughters to establish similar kingdoms in other parts of what is today known as Yorubaland. In the Yoruba Kingdom Oyo was a vast empire hence it was divided into different Province for administrative purpose and convenience. It was the most outstanding and popular in the entire Yoruba Kingdom. The Yoruba Kingdom has some level organization with clear hierarchy of authority and well established political system such that no single person wields absolute power. There is a strict check and balance to ensure that there was no abuse of power. The political head of the Yoruba Kingdom was the Alafin who was choosen by the Oyomesi ( i. e. the hereditary ingmakers of the empire). The Alafin was assisted by the Aremo, Bashorun, Oyomesi and others in administration of the empire. Bashorun (Prime Minister) and the Oyomesi Played a very key role in the administration of the entire Kingdom. Each province was administered by Ajele or Oba. They guarantee the payment of tribute and paying of homage to Oyo. There was a claim that these rulers had the power to threaten any hardened Alafin or chief by invoking the god of thunder and lightning through the cult of Sango. The Are- ona- kankanfo was the head of the Army in the Yoruba Kingdom. It was claim that if the army suffers any defeat the Are-ona-kankanfo should commit suicide. This is to make the army very strong. Igbo Political system The Igbo Kingdom doesn’t have an organized political system. They have rather a fragmented political system where political powers were share among the myriad institutions that dominated the polity. There was obviously no presence of centralization of power and political authority in the Igbo Kingdom. It was more of a direct participation of the people in their government. Their system is an epitome of direct democracy. The Igbo Kingdom/Political System was based on the village as a political unit. A village is taken to be an inhabitants from the same families thereby each family head hold the Ofo title and all of them congregate to formed the council of Elders. It was the council that governed the village and at the village meeting, every adult was expected to participate in the deliberations. During any council deliberation Okpara who is considered the most senior among the Ofos reserved the right to preside over the council of Elders meetings were issues affecting the people were discussed and implemented. The effective administration of the village was on the shoulders of the Age grades. They were responsible for the implementation of policies as well as enforcement and maintenance of laws and order within their milieu. They also provide security and defence for the entire community. It should be noted also that the affairs of the village are discussed family heads (council of Elders), while the villagers made laws themselves, the age-grade too made laws on some vital issue(s) they deem fit. In an even where disputes arise family heads were the one dully empower to settle such. They settle disputes between families and individuals for a peaceful coexistence and only serious matters were referred to the council of Elders. Amalgamation of Northern and Southern Protectorate (1914) Finally, in 1914, the two British administrations were merged (i. e. the Northern and Southern Protectorate were amalgamated) by Lord Lugard to form a single territorial unit known as Nigeria and he became the first Governor-General. This territory was administered by the British until 1960 when the Union Jack (British flag) was lowered for the Nigeria flag to take its place. NIGERIA PRE-INDEPENENCE CONSTITUTIONS The Clifford Constitution of 1922 Sir Hugh Clifford succeeded Lord Lugard and became governor of Nigeria in 1922. He immediately abolished the Nigerian council and in its place a new legislative council was set up for the whole of the Southern Protectorate. The North was to be governed by proclamation coming from the governor. Also, it is worthy of note that the pre-independence constitution was faced with several review and adjustment for the purpose of administrative convenience. The first pre-independence constitution in Nigerian was the Clifford constitution of 1922. This constitution introduce the elective principle by the town council composed of forty-six members, twenty seven of whom including the governor are official members of the remaining nineteen un official members fifteen were nominated by the Governor while only four were elected and three of the elected seats were allocated to Lagos and one to Calabar. In total, there were ten Africans in council and four of them were elected. The Richard constitution 1946 Prior to the Richard constitution of 1946, there were series of political and economic agitating by Nigerian, propelled by the Nationalist activities propagated by the Nigerian youth Movement particularly by elites who were alienated from participation in their own affair and government by the colonial government. Therefore, there were press propaganda, activities of trade union movements and general strike in 1945. By January 1947, the Imperial Order and Council referred to as the Richard Constitution came into force. It was based on a proposal contained in a white paper that was approved by the Nigerian council, amended by the imperial parliaments before passed into law. The object of the Richard constitution where to promote the unity of the country, provide adequately for the desire of diverse elements which made up the country and secure greater participation by Africans in the discussion of their own affairs. This constitution brought the North and South under a single legislative authority for the first time. The McPherson constitution 1951 The McPherson constitution was formed to replace the truncated constitution of 1946 which was lacking in so many areas regarding indigenous interest. The constitution gave legislative authority on specific matters to the Regional houses contrary to that of the Richards constitution. This authority was also limited, as regions had no exclusive competence over matters specifically assigned to it by constitution. While the central legislative had an unlimited power to veto propose legislations at the region . he constitution established Executive councils at regions as well as at the centre, which was later, otherwise called council of Ministers. The constitution made the Region to greatly depend on the centre . The control of Revenue was according to provision of the Revenue order in council 1951, where payment to the Regions by the centre was stated. Here the second chamber of legislature (House of chiefs) provided in the west a boost to representational government. The Littleton constitution of 1954: This was predicated on failures of the 1951 constitution as a result of the London conference of 1953 and Lagos conference of 1954 . vidently for the first time there was introduction of the principle of separation of power in the Nigeria Government . Governor-General and Governors were no longer part of legislative, and thus federation was adopted where power was shared for the central and regional government by the constitution and the exclusive list and Residual list respectively also goes to emphasis it. Office of the speaker aand a deputy speaker were created . the council of Minister was compose, Governor-General as pres ident. Revenue Allocation to regions was on the basis of derivation, Lagos was officially declared as the federal capital territory. And Nigeria elites were given better opportunities to participate in the Administration of the c country. NIGERIN PAST LEADERS FROM 1960 TO DATE Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (October 1, 1960 January 15, 1966) After Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960, an all-Nigerian Executive Council lead by Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was created to lead the country. On November 16, 1960, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, a pioneer of West African nationalism, became the first Governor General of a Federation of three Regions: the North, the East and the West, with Lagos as the Federal Capital. Each of the Regions was headed by a Premier with a Governor as its ceremonial head. On October 1, 1963, Nigeria became a Federal Republic and severed what ties were left with Britain. However, the country decided to remain in the British Commonwealth of Nations. The Governor Generals position was, therefore, re-designated as president. This administration tried to consolidate by joining international organizations it was involved in decolonization process in Africa and stood against the apartheid policy in South Africa. The administration recognized Africa as the centerpiece of Nigeria’s foreign policy. The government t also broke diplomatic ties with France over the testing of atomic bomb in sahara desert. Also Ian Smith’s unilateral declaration of independence (UDR) Rhodesia in 1965 was vehemently opposed by the administration. It supported the expulsion of South Africa from commonwealth in 1961. It also played crucial role in the formation of O. A. U in May 25th, 1963. Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a man full of vision was cut short at the prime of his administration when the military led by Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi January 15, 1966 and sending him to the great beyond. May his soul continue to rest in peace. Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi (January 15, 1966- July 1966) On January 15, 1966, a group of army officers (popularly known as the Young Majors), overthrew the government and assassinated the prime minister, Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, as well as the premiers of the northern and western regions. The bloody nature of the Young Majors coup sparked a counter-coup led by Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. However, the military government he instituted was unable to quiet the ethnic tensions that plagued the country or produce a constitution acceptable to all regions. Most fateful for the Ironsi government was the decision to issue Decree No. 34 on 24 May 1966. The decree, which sought to abolish the federal structure and ostensibly unify the nation, involved renaming the country the Republic of Nigeria. Instead, it raised ethnic fears of a conspiracy by the southern tribes to take over the nation. This led to another coup by largely northern officers in under the leadership of Major-General Yakubu Gowon. On 29th July, 1966 the military government of Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi was vehemently overthrown and unfortunately he could not survive it. Major-General Yakubu Gowon (1966- 1975) and the Nigerian Civil War General Yakubu Gowon took power after one military coup d’etat which led to the dead of Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi. Gowon’s administration witnessed a major crisis that shakes the country from its root almost succeeded in uprooting it from its base. During this reign, Nigeria foreign policy changed or shifted emphasis from the West to the East. Most of the weapons used in prosecuting the civil war were largely from East. The post war era of this administration was the application of the 3Rs i. e. Reconstruction, Reconciliation and Rehabilitation. It was the reconciliation project that gave birth to the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). The administration accepted the principle of non interference in the sovereignty of African States, respect for the principles governing O. A. U. it also played a crucial role in the establishment of Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS) and financial assistance made to the liberation committee of the O. A. U. His government fought to keep Nigeria one during the civil war (1967-1970), which broke out in the aftermath of the regional tensions arising from January and July 1966 coups d’etat. In 1967, Gowon moved to split the four existing regions of Nigeria into 12 states. However, the military governor of the Eastern Region, Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, refused to accept the division. Coming on the heels of a number of massacres of Igbos in several northern cities, he viewed the move as a plot to destabilise the region, and declared the Eastern Region the independent Republic of Biafra. This led to a civil war between Biafra and the rest of Nigeria that started on July 6,, 1967, and continued until the Biafran secessionists surrendered on January 15, 1970. Over 1 million people died in the conflict. Gen. Murtala muhammed (1975-1976) On July 29, 1975, General) Muhammed was made head of state, when General Gowon was overthrown while at an Organisation of African Unity (OAU) summit in Kampala, Uganda. General Obasanjo and General Danjuma were appointed as Chief of Staff, Supreme HQ and Chief of Army Staff, respectively. In the coup detat that brought him to power he introduced the phrases Fellow Nigerians and with immediate effect to the national lexicon. In a short time, Murtala Muhammeds policies won him broad popular support, and his decisiveness elevated him to the status of a folk hero. On assuming office, one of his first acts was to scrap the 1973 census, which was weighted in favor of the north, and to revert to the 1963 count for official purposes. Murtala Muhammad removed top federal and state officials to break links with the Gowon regime and to restore public confidence in the federal government. More than 10,000 public officials and employees were dismissed without benefits, on account of age, health, incompetence, or malpractice. The purge affected the civil service, judiciary, police and armed forces, diplomatic service, public corporations, and universities. Some officials were brought to trial on charges of corruption. Murtala Muhammed was killed along with his aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Akintunde Akinsehinwa, on February 13, 1976 in an abortive coup attempt led by Lt. Col Buka Suka Dimka, when his car was ambushed while en route to his office at Dodan Barracks, Lagos. General Olu gun Mathew Okiki? la Ar? mu ? basanj? 1976-1979 Obasanjo was appointed as head of state by the Supreme Military Council after the assassination of General Murtala Mohammed. Keeping the chain of command established by Murtala, Obasanjo pledged to continue the programme for the restoration of civilian government in 1979 and to carry forward the reform programme to improve the quality of public service. Obasanjo had a smooth transition from military to civilian in 1979, he handed power to a democratically elected candidate in the person of Shehu Shagari. Shehu Shagari 1979-1983 Shagari won the 1979 election with the help of his campaign manager, Umaru Dikko. The campaign had the support of many prominent politicians in the North and among southern minorities. The partys motto was One Nation, One Destiny and was seen as the party best representing Nigerias diversity. Shagari made Housing, Industries, Transportation and Agriculture as the major goals of his administration, particularly in early on during the oil boom. Despite some successes, these programs were heavily plagued by corruption. General Mahammadu Buhari on New Years Eve in 1983, December 31, overthrown Shehu Shagari and plunged the country into yet another military administration. General Mahammadu Buhari 1983-1985 General Mahammadu Buhari on New Years Eve in 1983, December 31, overthrown Shehu Shagari and plunged the country into yet another military administration. Major-General Buhari was selected to lead the country by middle and high-ranking military officers after a successful military coup detat that overthrew civilian. At the time, Buhari was head of the Third Armored Division of Jos Buhari was appointed Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and Tunde Idiagbon was appointed Chief of General Staff (the de facto No. 2 in the administration). Buhari justified the militarys seizure of power by castigating the civilian government as hopelessly corrupt, and his administration subsequently initiated a public campaign against indiscipline known as War Against Indiscipline (WAI). Aspects of this campaign included public humiliation of civil servants who arrived late for work whilst guards were armed with whips to ensure orderly queues at bus stops. He also moved to silence critics of his administration, passing decrees curbing press freedoms and allowing for opponents to be detained up to three months without formal charges. He also banned strikes and lockouts by workers and founded Nigerias first secret police force, the National Security Organization. General Ibrahim Babangida overthrew Buhari on 27 August 1985 in a bloodless military coup that relied on mid-level officers that Babangida strategically positioned over the years. General Ibrahim Babangida 1985-1993 General Ibrahim Babangida overthrew Buhari on 27 August 1985 in a bloodless military coup that relied on mid-level officers that Babangida strategically positioned over the years. Before the coup, he was the Chief of Army Staff and a member of the Supreme Military Council (SMC) under the administration of Major General Muhammadu Buhari. Having ceased power from his predecessor, he promised to bring to an end the human rights abuses perpetuated by Buharis government, and to hand over power to a civilian government by 1990. Eventually, he perpetuated one of the worst human right abuses and lots of unresolved political assassinations. Babangida issued a referendum to garner support for austerity measures suggested by the International Monetory Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, and subsequently launched his Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in 1986. The policies entailed under the SAP were the deregulation of the agricultural sector by abolishing marketing boards and the elimination of price controls, the privatisation of public enterprises, the devaluation of the Nairal to aid the competitiveness of the export sector, and the relaxation of restraints on foreign investment put in place by the Gowon and Obasanjo governments during the 1970s. On April 22, 1990, Babangidas government was almost toppled by a coup attempt led by Major Gideon Orkar. Babangida was at the Dodan Barracks, the military headquarters and presidential residence, when they were attacked and occupied by the rebel troops, but managed to escape by a back route. During the brief interlude during which Orkar and his collaborators controlled radio transmitters in Lagos, they broadcast a vehement critique of Babangidas government, accusing it of widespread corruption and autocratic tendencies, and they also expelled the five northernmost and predominantly Hausa-Fulani Nigerian states from the union, accusing them of seeking to perpetuate their rule at the expense of the predominantly Christian peoples of Nigerias middle-belt citing, in particular, the political neutralization of the Langtang Mafia. In 1989 Babangida legalized the formation of political parties, and after a census was carried out in November 1991, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) announced on January 24, 1992 that both legislative elections to a bicameral National Assembly and a presidential election would be held that year. He banned all political parties and formed two political parties by himself, namely the SDP (Social Democratic Party) and NRC (National Republican Convention) and urged all Nigerians to join either of the parties, which the Late Chief Ajibola Ige famously referred to as two leper hands. At the end of the elections, rather than allow the announcement of the results of various elections in which Abiola won to proceed, Babangida decided to annul the elections. On August 26, amidst a new round of strikes and protests that had brought all economic activity in the country to a halt, Babangida declared that he was stepping aside as head of the military regime, and handing over t he reins of government to Shonekan. Ernest Adegunle Oladeinde Shonekan Head of Transitional Council January 2nd, 1993 Ernest Adegunle Oladeinde Shonekan was appointed as interim president of Nigeria by General Ibrahim Babangida on 26 August 1993. Babangida resigned under pressure to cede control to a democratic government. Shonekans transitional administration only lasted three months, as a palace coup led by General Sani Abacha forcefully dismantled the remaining democratic institutions and brought the government back under military control on 17 November 1993. The government was hard pressed on debt obligations and had to hold constant talks for debt re-scheduling. Improvements were underway. The Armed Force Ruling Council had designed a realistic two-year economic program. The programs outline called for reducing the petrol subsidy, to bring in 65 billion naira to government coffers. A modification of VAT was also in the works and a plan to inculcate fiscal discipline. By the end of June, following the cancellation of the June 12 presidential elections, the Nigerian nation was engulfed in political turmoil. Fiscal discipline was not heeded, and the government exceeded the deficit target by the beginning of the second quarter. By August 1993, Babangida decided to step aside and install an Interim government. General Sani Abacha 1993-1998 Abacha took over power from the interim government of Chief Ernest Shonekan, who was put into place by General Ibrahim Babangida after his annulment of the 12 June 1993 elections (won by Moshood Kashimawo Abiola), this caused a massive popular uproar, which in turn caused untold hardship for some of Nigerians. On 6 September 1994, Abacha declared that his regime had absolute power, placing his government above the jurisdiction of the courts. He did, however, promise to hand the government over to civilians in 1998. His government compared to other Nigerian governments was characterised by an inconsistent foreign policy: He supported the Economic Community of West African States and sent Nigerian troops to Liberia and Sierra Leon to restore democracy to those countries while denying it at home. Abacha scoffed at the threat of economic sanctions on account of the worlds dependence on petroleum, of which Nigeria is a major producer. General Sani Abacha died in June 1998 while at the presidential villa in Abuja. General Abdulsalami Abubakar June 8th 1998-May 29th 1999 Following the death of General Sani Abacha on June 8, 1998, General Abdulsalami Abubakar was appointed to replace the late head of state. The Abubakar government took steps toward restoring worker rights and freedom of association for trade unions, which had deteriorated seriously under Abacha. He also commuted the sentences of those accused in the alleged coup during the Abacha regime and released almost all known civilian political detainees. In August 1998, Abubakar appointed the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to conduct elections for local government councils, state legislatures and governors, the national assembly, and president. The INEC successfully held elections on December 5, 1998, January 9, 1999, February 20, and February 27, 1999, respectively. Former military head of state, Olusegun Obasanjo ran as a civilian candidate under the auspices of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and won the presidential election. Olusegun Obasanjo 1999-2007 In the 1999 elections, the first in sixteen years, he decided to run for the presidency as the candidate of the People’s Democratic Party. Obasanjo won with 62. 6% of the vote, sweeping the strongly Christian Southeast and the predominantly Musilim north, but decisively lost his home region, the Southwest, to his fellow-Yoruba and Christian, Olu Falae, the only other candidate. His loss in the South West has been attributed to his being very unpopular amongst his kinsmen in the South-West. This was because he over the time had come to represent policies and actions that tend to burden the majority of the people. The Yorubas, his kinsmen are known to deride oppressors. Apart from this, he was also against the Yorubas rigorous quest to revalidate the election won by Chief MKO Abiola in 1993. These aggregates of issues made the Yorubas suspecious of him and they expressed this by massively voting against him in 1999. 29 May 1999, the day Obasanjo took office as the first elected and civilian head of state in Nigeria after 16 years of military rule, is now commemorated as Democracy Day, a public holiday in Nigeria. Obasanjo spent most of his first term travelling abroad visiting mostly western countries. He claimed this was to polish the country image and re-establish the country to international scene after being battered and stained by the regime of Gen Abacha. Obasanjo left office on 29th May, 2007. Umaru YarAdua 2007-2010 In the presidential election, held on 21 April 2007, YarAdua won with 70% of the vote (24. 6 million votes) according to official results released on 23 April. After the election, YarAdua proposed a government of national unity.

Billy Budd Essays - Billy Budd, Billy Kessler, Pale Yellow Skin

Billy Budd Essays - Billy Budd, Billy Kessler, Pale Yellow Skin Billy Budd There is much to be said about innocence. If one is with innocence than one can do no wrong. But that is not all to be said. Innocence is not always a good thing. It could make one naive or blind to certain evils. Like in the case of Billy Budd. Billy was innocent from evil and therefore could not see the evil of John Claggart approaching him, out to destroy him. It is known Billy's innocence was his down fall by hiding the true evil from his eyes. But why was John Claggart out to destroy Billy?. There are several reasons why John Claggart attempts to destroy Billy Budd. John Claggart wants to destroy Billy because he is extremely wary of Billy's intentions. He has come to believe that Billy is planning a mutiny and wants to take over the ship. Claggart reports this to captain Vere saying," During today's chase and possible encounter I had seen enough to convince him that at least one sailor aboard was dangerous." Meaning that he felt Billy was against them. Claggart felt that Billy's big plan was to get in favor of all the men on the ship and then turn them against the captain. Captain Vere responds by having Billy and Claggart meet in private where Claggart can openly accuse Billy of this crime. Fortunately, Claggarts attempt to destroy Billy for mutiny fails because he is struck down by Billy in one blow, ending the matter, but opening a much more serious one. Claggart is also seen as attempting to destroy Billy due to his evil nature in general. Nothing depicts Claggart's evil nature better than the way he looks. His cleanly chiseled chin and cunning violet eyes that can cut lesser sailors with an evil glare. His pale yellow skin and jet black curly hair; they all contrast his character. He is out to destroy Billy because of the conezt struggle of good and evil. Billy is innocent and cannot comprehend evil therefore making him good. People calling Billy "baby budd, and handsome sailor" just seem to contrast the good in him even more. Claggart was born evil and therefore is evil. Claggart would naturally be out to destroy Billy because he is what he is against. Just good vs. evil in a battle for control. That is why Claggart is naturally out to bring the downfall of Billy Budd. It is very true that jealousy is another reason why John Claggart wanted the destruction of Billy Budd. Claggart was never well liked by the crew he was watching over. This would not have been a problem except that Billy Budd was so very liked by the crew. Every time he saw the love of Billy he was reminded of the dislike of himself. One old sailor on the ship noticed this too and warned Billy by saying, "Jimmy Leggs is down on you". Jimmy Leggs referring to Claggart. One inezce which occured in the kitchen just made matters worse when Billy spilled the soup he was making and it ran down the corridor just as Claggart was walking by. Claggart did not openly get angry at Billy for the accident, but inside felt he had done it on purpose. As the soup ran down the corridor it seemed to symbolize an actual line drawn between the two. The resentment Claggart felt for Billy made him look him too critically. That is a good reason why Claggart could have thought Billy was planning a mutiny and would want him destroyed. He was just jealous of Billy's popularity. There are several reasons why John Claggart attempts to destroy Billy Budd. One might ask why and come up with the obvious and not so obvious answer, even though we know the real reason for his downfall. That was his innocence. Yes, Billy Budd was innocent of evil, but that innocence is what made him unable to see the evil out to destroy him in Claggart. Too much innocence is not always a good thing, but a little helps from doing wrong. There is quite a bit to be said about innocence.

Cable TV as Going Obsolete Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cable TV as Going Obsolete - Assignment Example 2). The range is more of a generalization rather than a fact since different shows and different networks cater to different people. Taking those into account, television has a possible target demographic ranging from toddlers to octogenarians with little regard for race, level of education or occupation. Over the years, technology has advanced to the point wherein information is accessible through more than one channel. Of late, the internet has become the same kind of competitor to television as television once was to radio. In their 2012 Accenture Consumer Electronics Products and Services Usage Report, Accenture (2012) found out that â€Å"the percentage of consumers watching broadcast or cable TV shows, movies or videos on TV, in a typical week, plummeted from 71 percent in 2009 to 48 percent in 2011† (p. 8). There are many reasons why people are shifting from television’s scheduled programming to internet. One of the more common reasons is convenience. In a high-s peed world, people find less and less time at home to watch the shows they want to watch on TV. Another recent survey by Nielsen (2012) showed that users of Netflix, an on-demand streaming media provider, have chosen to watch more TV programs on it than ever before totaling 19% of their subscribers which makes an 8% increase from the previous year. Subscribers can watch and rewatch their favorite shows whenever they want with services like these. Another factor that makes online viewing more appealing is the mobility. In a study conducted by Blip.tv (2011), one of the Internet's largest independently owned and operated video properties, people have been spending 9% less time watching television, 26% more time watching web series on the PC, while spending 19% more time watching video content on a mobile device. With the wide range of tablet PCs and smartphones in the market today, people will have little reason to stay at home and watch TV when they can view their favorite videos onl ine wherever they go. On a related note, age and society can also be factors. In the Hollywood Reporter, Georg Szalai (2011) wrote about how baby boomers (47-65 year old citizens) spend more time watching TV than the average person, averaging 5-6 hours a day compared to the 4 hours and 49 minutes of people within the 18-49 year old demographic. Many television networks are making changes to appeal to these people by revamping old shows and featuring familiar faces on their networks. This could be brought about by the older audience’s unfamiliarity with the newer technology. Conversely, the younger crowd is opting for more internet-based or â€Å"cloud services.† Accenture (2012) found that â€Å"Thirty-eight percent of younger consumers have stopped or almost stopped renting or buying DVDs, and 16 percent said they had terminated or were considering terminating TV subscription services† (p. 9). Economically speaking, the increase in the number of consumers willi ng to terminate their TV subscriptions is a practical one. Why would people continue to pay for services they would use for only 3-4 hours a day when they can get the same service anytime they want, anywhere they want along with their internet subscription? All these shifts toward cloud services are dependent on the availability of the hardware and the reliability of an internet connection. Computers are getting smaller, more sophisticated

Contemporary art vs visual work of the past Essay

Contemporary art vs visual work of the past - Essay Example The essay "Contemporary art vs visual work of the past" explores the art of the past and compare it with the contemporary art. Dating back to the time of Da Vinci and other classical painters and artists, they hooked more on depicting things, humans, landscapes and places in a realistic presentation. They adhere to meet the quality of being a classical artist, which is, â€Å"what you see is what you get†. That is the reason why you can see such painters creating their forms of art that depicts almost exactly lifelike. There might be a lot of reasons for us to come up to the conclusion why contemporary and classical visual arts or painting may look different from one another. By comparing it, we can say that they do belong to the same intention of its form, to be aesthetically appealing to the people, and this is only achievable if one artist find the real value of what really an art is. An art might be of visual form that might appeal to the sense of sight. But we could say t hat that is only the preliminary reaction of the person/s that sees the art. The over all perception to the piece of art might be affected by important factors wherein the viewer could relate. For example, one art form could be appealing enough to get the heart of the spectator, but on the other hand make others frown and left unsatisfied. Starting from the motivations itself, art is a way of communicating to the spectators. It depicts something which is more than portrayed, an interpretation that is kni.

The life and crimes of an individual currently on death row or Research Paper

The life and crimes of an individual currently on death row or priviously executed in North Carolina - Research Paper Example Prior to the murders that she committed, Blanche had no record of previous crimes. She was an ideal human being, â€Å"a wife and mother, deeply religious by most accounts, [and] a pillar of the community (Hiles, 2005).† She had no past convictions and was the last person anyone would suspect of committing such horrific crimes, which is perhaps why she was able to get away with it for so many years. When she hurried and married the first man to ask her, Jim Taylor, no second thought was given. People assumed, and Blanche confirmed, that the marriage might have been rushed, but it was her quickest escape from her dysfunctional, bordering on abusive, family. Blanche and Jim were happily married for quite some time, and two children were the result of their love. After ten years, though, Jim turned more and more to alcohol and less to his wife, revealing shades of a past that Blanche had thought she had left behind her when she moved out of her father’s home. To make up for her husband’s gradual abandonment, Blanche turned to the company of many other men, involving herself in numerous affairs. Unfortunately, the affairs only satiated Blanche’s lust for a couple of years. It came down to the fact that her husband was still an alcoholic, and this brought back too many wanted memories for her to escape from by using other men. Instead of continuing to rely on affairs, Blanche decided to take a different route and rid her life of the people that were making her miserable. Blanche’s first murder was her father, the person who brought nothing but pain to his daughter’s life. When she visited him, she put arsenic into his beer, killing him. Despite doing this, though, Blanche did not feel any better about her life or her situation. She went back to the person she was currently having an affair with, Raymond Reid, a stockman at

Windows Server Deployment Proposal

Windows Server Deployment Proposal Contoso Advertising has two locations. The main site location is in Pensacola, Florida (FL) with a smaller site in Casper, Wyoming (WY). Multiple servers will be distributed throughout these sites to support the various services required by each department. Throughout the growing enterprise, there will initially be 90 employees distributed into five departments between the two sites. Contoso has a small Executive department of 9 personnel, 15 employees in the Accounts and Sales department, 49 personnel staffing the Creative, Media, and Production department, 12 members of the Human Resources and Finance department and 5 IT employees. As FL is Contosos main site, the majority of employees will be based there with one-third of each department working out of the WY site to split company responsibilities between locations. Windows Server 2012 will be the Operating System (OS) deployed to all servers within the organization due to a few key features. Firstly, the use of PowerShell within Windows Server 2012 will be very important to the management of Contosos network. Microsoft has vastly increased the number of available PowerShell cmdlets to allow for more robust management from the command line (Otey, 2011). This will allow the IT staff to manage company assets via command line interface and script out a majority of routine network management duties. Furthermore, Microsofts Server Manager utility can remotely manage multiple servers, up to 100 at a single time (Microsoft, 2013). This will allow the IT employees to manage the entire organization remotely without physically visiting each server as well as eliminating the need for the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) for management tasks. These two features in particular will simplify the network management for Contosos small IT support staff throughout bo th sites. Other features such as the use of Storage Tiers will be quite impactful for users throughout the organization, particularly the employees in the Creative, Media, and Production department. These are just a few features that Contoso can take advantage of within their organization. Deployment and Server Configurations: Contosos network will be constructed with 24 total servers throughout the enterprise to handle organizational growth over the next few years while being configured to have robust failover solutions. This will be done to ensure the company can recover from any single failure while still fulfilling their organizational goals. Services for Contosos daily operations, such as Domain Controllers, Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name Servers (DNS), file servers, web servers and print servers will be provided by these servers. In addition, both sites will be mirrored to allow each site to function if the WAN link between the sites happens to go down, but also for organizational purposes and ease of management by the small IT department. If implemented properly, Contosos enterprise network can scale to their expected growth while having incredibly high reliability. The main FL site will have two Domain Controllers FL_DC1 and FL_DC2. The primary domain controller, FL_DC1, will be configured to run Domain Name Services (DNS), Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) as well as performing the role of Domain Controller. FL_DC2 will be a copy of FL_DC1 and will act as a backup in case of corruption or server failure. Both Domain Controllers will run the Server Core version of Windows Server with the graphical user interface (GUI). The Active Directory role will need to be installed to provide Directory Services along with being able to organize and manage the organization through the use of group policy discussed later in the proposal. Additionally, FL_DC2 will be designated as a Global Catalogue to aid in any type of searching to be done throughout the other site, decreasing the burden on the primary DC.   A full chart of needed servers and their intended purpose can be seen below. Server Role Location FL_DC* Primary/Secondary Domain Controller/DNS/DHCP Server Pensacola, Florida FL_FS_HRF* Primary/Secondary HRF File Server Pensacola, Florida FL_FS_CMP* Primary/Secondary CMP File Server Pensacola, Florida FL_FS* Primary/Secondary File Server/Print Server Pensacola, Florida FL_MX* Primary/Secondary Mail Server Pensacola, Florida FL_WWW* Primary/Secondary Web Server Pensacola, Florida WY_DC* Primary/Secondary Domain Controller/DNS/DHCP Server Casper, Wyoming WY_FS_HRF* Primary/Secondary HRF File Server Casper, Wyoming WY_FS_CMP* Primary/Secondary CMP File Server Casper, Wyoming WY_FS* Primary/Secondary File Server/Print Server Casper, Wyoming WY_MX* Primary/Secondary Mail Server Casper, Wyoming WY_WWW* Primary/Secondary Web Server Casper, Wyoming As the Human Resources and Finances department will be dealing with highly sensitive financial data for the company, they will have their own exclusive file server, FL_FS_HRF1, which will be backed up to FL_FS_HRF2. Full backups will be conducted weekly with differential backups occurring every night. Shares will be hosted on this server with permissions applied to only allow members of the Human Resources and Finances department access to any resources on it. The other department to have their own dedicated file servers is the Creative, Media, and Production employees. Similar to the Finance department, there will be a primary server and a backup, FL_FS_CMP1 and FL_FS_CMP2. These servers will also follow the same backup schedule as the Finance department as well as having its share accesses locked down to only those employees within the department. Storage pools will be created to implement storage tiers on the primary file server. Multiple traditional mechanical hard disk drives (HDD) and solid state drives (SSD) will be assigned to the storage pool. The SSD tier will be configured to house the most frequently accessed data while the HDD tier will house data accessed less often. The storage tier optimization task will be scheduled to run every evening during off hours. The rest of the personnel at the FL site will use a single file server FL_FS1, which will also be backed up to FL_FS2 in a manner similar to the Finance and Creative departments. Storage on this server will be split among the other departments and quotas will be enforced using the File Server Resource Manager (FSRM). Using this method of quota management will allow the IT department to centrally control and monitor the daily storage resources and generate storage reports to analyze disk usage trends (Microsoft, 2008). Users will be set up for home folders nested under their respective department share with access being granted only to those members of the department, and each user of that department only having access to their own personal folder through application of NTFS permissions. Users will all be given the same amount of space initially and expansion requests will be scrutinized. Due to the more advanced features of FSRM as compared to NTFS quotas, administrative notification scripts can be set to run when a user nears their allocated quota limit (Microsoft, 2008). The IT department will implement a semi-automated process with administrative scripts once these quotas are met to trigger a quota increase request process. All file servers in the network will be installed with Server Core with the GUI. Having a public presence on the internet will be crucial for Contoso to gain new clients and allow their business to grow over the next few years. Company mail servers will also be needed to communicate internally and interface with their customers as well. The FL site will have their own dedicated mail and web servers, with FL_MX1 and FL_WWW1 acting as primary, and FL_MX2 and FL_WWW2 being mirrored backups for their respective roles. These servers will run the Server Core edition of Windows Server 2012 because of its stability improvements as well as it being inherently more secure than other editions of Windows Server due to far less running services than full GUI versions (Microsoft, 2017). Public facing assets, such as mail or web servers, are often the first point of cyber-attacks and Server Core will decrease the attack footprint. The WY site will have the exact same configuration as the primary FL site as seen in the network diagram below. Backup solutions and fault tolerance were built-in to this proposal to prevent downtime for the network and prevent monetary loss for the company. In the event that any one node within the network fails, Contoso can continue with their day to day operations while resolutions are developed and implemented by the IT department. This configuration was chosen to have the maximum reliability and fault tolerance which will be crucial for a growing organization. A simplified diagram of Contosos network can be seen below to illustrate how their network could be structured to accomplish the goals of this deployment proposal. NETWORK DIAGRAM Active Directory and Group Policy: Contosos network will have two domains within a single forest, one for each site. The FL site will be contoso.com and the WY site will be north.contoso.com with each new site that Contoso builds in the future following a similar structure. Domain Controllers will be placed in each site for management within their domain. Organizational Units (OU) will be used for organization with Active Directory with each department having their own OU nested under their domain. Active Directory objects will be created for each user and will be organized by job role and placed into their respective OUs. Computer objects within Active Directory will follow a similar structure. This is to ensure proper organization, application of Group Policy, and ease of network management throughout the domain. Software programs needed throughout the organization will be deployed through the use of group policy, if the number of employees that require it are high enough or it is not feasible for the IT department to physically visit every computer for installation. This can be done with the group policy management console within Windows Server. Packages can be configured that will deploy .msi files and will be installed upon next computer reboot, if the policy was configured under the computer configuration section of the GPO management editor. Programs like Adobe Reader, Photoshop, and QuickBooks could be deployed to different departments while Wireshark or Zenmap could be deployed to different servers throughout the network for traffic analysis. Software restriction policies will also be used in the domain as they will be able to control execution of software at the discretion of the network administrators (Microsoft, 2004). Using these policies, the IT department can configure the enviro nment to prevent unauthorized programs at their discretion based on a hash, certificate, path, or zone identifiers. To maintain a high level of security throughout the enterprise, a strong password policy will be strictly enforced. Strong passwords that are often changed will be used as passwords are continuously vulnerable, especially during password assignment, management, and use (Microsoft, 2017). Contoso employees will be required to have a password of at least 10 characters in length with a mixture of mixed case characters, special characters, and numbers. Password age thresholds will be set in the password policy for a maximum age of 45 days and a minimum age of 30 days. A password history of 10 will be set to prevent users from cycling back to previously used passwords quickly. This will ensure that if any user credentials are compromised, they wont be of use to an undetected malicious user for long. In addition to the general password policy just discussed, the administrators will also be subject to a fine-grained password policy for security reasons. Fine-grained password policies will allow for multiple password policies to affect different users throughout a domain (Microsoft, 2012). Contoso will be able to use this feature of Windows Server to enforce stronger password restrictions upon select users, the IT department in this situation. Additional complexity, password history, minimum and maximum password ages, as well as increased password length requirements will be enforced upon these employees to protect the corporate network. In the event of a network breach, accounts with high power or permissions, such as the members of the IT department, will be the first group to be targeted by malicious users. By having frequently changing and complex passwords, this will increase the time for passwords to be cracked as well as shorten the available time for them to be used by mali cious cyber actors. Additional security measures to be enforced will include the disabling of user accounts after 10 days of no activity. Account deletion will occur after 30 days of inactivity, unless prior arrangement is made through the IT support department. This will be done to ensure access to network and company resources remain secure from malicious attacks. Furthermore, account logon hours will be applied as determined by the employees regular work hours with an hour of buffer time at the start and end of their regular work day. In addition to the hardware firewalls already in place, the use of Windows Firewall will be applied to each computer within the organization through group policy and rules will be tailored to each department. For example, outbound traffic from the Human Resources and Finance department user workstations to the Creative, Media, and Production file server will be blocked. Special precautions for the public facing infrastructure, such as the mail and web servers, will have extra restrictions placed on them for additional security. For example, incoming ICMP traffic from the public internet will be blocked to prevent against Denial of Service (DOS) attacks. Windows Defender will also be active on all employee workstations throughout the enterprise as well as all servers. The right configuration of the hardware and software firewalls and Microsofts security product should protect Contoso from numerous cyber threats. These are just a few policies laid out to begin the hardening of the netw ork and the IT department will develop others as they see fit. Print Services: The print and document services role will be installed on the primary file server at each site, FL_FS1 and WY_FS1, with multiple print devices located throughout the environment. Specifically, there will initially be two print devices located within each department to accommodate printer pooling as a means of load balancing the print jobs between the many users. Any employee will be able to print to other print devices outside of their department, but they will have a lower priority than employees utilizing their own department resources. DNS and DHCP: IPv4 addresses will be used throughout the organization for simplicity of management as that is still widely used today. In the future when Contoso grows and global adoption rates of IPv6 increase, reconsideration of addressing will take place. As there will be many network-critical devices throughout the enterprise network, such as file servers, printers, and domain controllers, these computers will all be assigned static IP addresses rather than have DHCP reservations. This will be done to ensure that critical devices are always reachable in case of a DHCP failure. Other devices such as employee workstations, company laptops, or other mobile devices will have address management performed through the use of DHCP. Scopes will be configured to have lease durations of 16 hours. This will ensure that an address assignment covers a full work day while still being short enough to prevent the pool of available addresses from running low from mobile devices entering and leaving the network throughout the day. DNS and DHCP services will be handled by the primary domain controllers of each site, respectively. Those servers will also act as a backup for their sister servers in the opposite site for failover solutions in the event of server failure or corruption. The 80/20 rule will be applied within each scope; the primary DHCP server provides roughly 80% of the addresses within its scope with the secondary providing the remaining addresses. This will be done to provide address assignment in situations where the primary DHCP server is unable to fulfill its services (Microsoft, 2005). Summary: In summary, the network infrastructure and hardware will be set up at both sites in a mirrored fashion to provide ease of management for the IT department in addition to allowing for easy growth over the next few years. The multiple domains and logical structure of active directory will ease the burden of organization and administration of the enterprise network. Each server will have a dedicated backup server for cases of machine failure, corruption, or other disaster. Security practices such as the password policy, use of Windows security software, and additional firewall restrictions will ensure that the company sensitive business matters are protected. Estimating conservatively, the IT department could complete the initial setup within a week. While this network deployment may seem excessive, Contoso Advertising is a growing enterprise that requires a solution that will be able to scale as their organization grows. References Manage Multiple, Remote Servers with Server Manager. (2013, June 24). Retrieved January 10, 2017, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh831456(v=ws.11).aspx Microsoft. (2008, January 21). File Server Resource Manager. Retrieved February 01, 2017, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754810(v=ws.10).aspx Microsoft. (2017). Why Is Server Core Useful? Retrieved January 18, 2017, from https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd184076.aspx Microsoft. (2017). Configuring Password Policies. Retrieved February 09, 2017, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd277399.aspx Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Best Practices. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc958920.aspx Microsoft. (2012, October 19). AD DS: Fine-Grained Password Policies. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770394(v=ws.10).aspx Microsoft. (2004, May 25). Using Software Restriction Policies to Protect Against Unauthorized Software. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb457006.aspx#EEAA Otey, M. (2011, October 17). Top 10: New Features in Windows Server 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2017, from http://windowsitpro.com/windows-server-2012/top-10-new-features-windows-server-2012

Drought and Global Climate Change :: Environment, Climate Change

Drought is a multi-causal and complex environmental issue, and can have serious socioeconomic consequences. Recently, IPCC (the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) concluded that South Asia and the Middle East would experience sever, prolonged droughts as a result of global climate changes, explicitly the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (IPCC, 2007). Drought is a weather-related natural disaster whose effect is aggravated by human activities. Sometime drought affects large regions and even several countries for a long period of time. Drought has a serious impact on food productivity of a land, and even on the life expectancy of inhabitants. The aftermath of drought involves in socioeconomic, ecological issues (WGA, 1996) (Jeyaseelan, 2005; Pongracza et al., 1996). Iran encompassing drylands has been periodically jeopardized by drought events, which have devastatingly affected society and environment (Shamsipour et al., 2008). Therefore, the study of drought needs several sources of datasets. In other words, the design of a planning project for a region for sustainable development, the acquisition of updated data is critical, particularly for countries with arid to semi-arid climates. The recent innovations in remote sensing methods have brought new solutions to study of environmental problems in geosciences. In the assessment of natural hazards like drought, remote sensing provides rapid, instant spatial data about the natural phenomena; they are useful in decision-makings as well as weather forecasts (Sunyurp et al., 2004). The monitoring of drought via remote sensing depends on the factors that cause drought (Jeyaseelan, 2005). Drought indicators and variables, obtained through remotely sensed data, can carry some uncertainties, which is induces by the sensitivity of factors, or their dependency to weather and environment conditions. Additionally, some non-standard algorithms might lead to wrong estimation of drought intensity. More effective methods for increase accuracy of assessment and analysis of remotely sensed data are applying models which can combine in data layers. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to combine the layers of data in the modeling of drought. Recently, space technologies, such RS and GIS, and the numerical modeling techniques have been developed as powerful tools for the ecological assessment of environment (Krivtsov, 2004; MacMillan et al., 2004; Store and Jokimà ¤ki, 2003). Utilizing these technologies not only supply a platform to support multi-level and hierarchically integrated analysis on resource and environment, but also integrate the obtained information in a comparative theoretical ecosystem analysis. Meanwhile, Plummer (2000) argued that perspectives of combining ecological models and remotely sensed data would focus on the estimation of accuracy, the issues of spatial and temporal scale, and long-term comprehensive datasets.

Describe How Two Businesses Are Organised

Describe how two businesses are organised (P3) I am going to talk about two organisations and how they operate. The organisations I am going to talk about are McDonalds and Chester Zoo. McDonalds is a fast food restaurant and its purpose is to provide the best and fastest customer service so in this way it will give the organisation a good reputation and help them to make more profit. [pic] This shows how stuff work in McDonalds.If there would be a problem with customers for example, then the assistant manager would take care of this but if there would be something more serious then the business manager will have to take care of it because he is the top head of managing. This also shows how the organisation is organized and how everyone is on the top of the chart and also at the bottom. Chester Zoo is a zoo organisation with loads of attractions for children. Its purpose is to keep their customers happy and also help others because Chester Zoo is also a charity and most of its profit goes to charity to help other people.This is one of the organisation charts for Chester Zoo. This organisation chart shows how the herpetology team work at Chester Zoo. For example the herpetology team manager is on top and  everyone below report to him. For example if there was a problem with something to do with the herpetology keepers then they would report it to the herpetology lead keeper who would then report it to the herpetology team manager. Types of organisational structures There are four types of organisational structures which are: †¢ Functional Geographic †¢ Product †¢ Type of customer Functional – Functional structures arrange departments according to what goes on within each department. An example of this structure would be Sandwell College where the lecturers are in their own departments, the receptionists and secretaries would be in the administration department or office and the library and IT staff would be in support services. Geographic – Geographic structures are mostly about the size of the organisation and where it operates.This could be where there are teams of people operating in different locations like in different towns, cities or countries, so it would be very difficult to organise the business simply by its functions. By product – By-product organisational structures offer a range of products or services and these can dictate its structure. For example a supermarket could be organised into the following functional areas: †¢ Fruit and veg †¢ Cooked  meats †¢ Tinned goods †¢ Clothing †¢ Frozen goods By type of customer – By type of customer organisational structures have both consumers as customers and also have other businesses as customers.This can be referred to as B2C (business to consumer) and B2B (business to business). Hierarchical structure – A hierarchical structure consists of multiple levels. This means that the chain of command would look l ike a pyramid with a large base of workers who are supervised by the level above them which continues to the top ranking officer such as the CEO or company president. Flat structure – A flat structure has few levels of management between the executive level and the front-line employees. The purpose of a flat structure is to empower employees by making them a larger part of the decision making process in a business.It is designed to make employees more productive. It also allows for more rapid change and problem resolution as the communication occurs more easily between the upper managers and baseline employees. Matrix structure – A matrix structure is a type of management system in which workers report to more than just one person, effectively having two or more supervisors at the same time. For example professionals with different types of expertise are brought together to work on a project. They report to a number of managers of different projects as well as to a fun ctional supervisor.McDonalds and Chester Zoo both have a hierarchical structure because they have multiple levels and they both have a CEO or company president that everyone reports to. Span of control – Span of control is the number of people that one individual is responsible for in an organisation. The wider the span of control is then the greater the number of whom the individual is responsible. A manager who is responsible for too many people may be so overworked that their staff in turn may not be able to perform their duties effectively.Functional Areas – The functional areas are the specialist areas of activity within an organisation. These include: †¢ Finance †¢ Marketing †¢ Production †¢ Customer service †¢ Sales †¢ Human resources Finance The finance department functions include keeping records of financial activity for example the sales made by the business and providing managers with information that they can use in decision m aking for example cost of making products. For McDonalds the finance department would have to keep track of how many sales they make per day and what kind of meal or burger makes the most money.For Chester Zoo the finance department would have to do the same which is keeping records of how many sales they make per day and how much profit they make. Marketing – The marketing function is responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements. The marketing function have to carry out market research to find out which types of customers make up a particular market for example what they want, where they want it, how they like it and at what price. The marketers will have an important say in deciding: †¢ The products the company produces The prices charged †¢ Promotions designed to encourage the customers †¢ Place where  goods are sold For example at McDonalds the marketers would decide on what type of Mcflurrys they would sell to customers and at Chester Zoo the marketers will decide on what price they will sell their tickets for people to come and visit Chester Zoo Production – The production function organises who makes the goods and how and when they are made. The production manager of a company is responsible for making sure raw materials are processed into finished goods.At McDonalds the production function will have to make sure that the burgers and chips are made in good quality and at Chester Zoo the production team have to make sure that the food they feed to the animals are just right for them to eat. Customer service – Customer service is concerned with looking after customers at all stages of their relationship with a company. They have to provide customers with details about offers, make sure the customers are listened to and valued and attending to customer complaints, providing after sales service such as servicing of goods, spare parts or information about new products.At Chester Zoo the customer service people will have to deal with complaints and will have to tell people who visit about offers they may not know about. Sales – The sales function is responsible for getting customers to buy what the company produces. The sales department works closely with the marketing department. The main responsibility of the sales department is to create orders for goods and services. For example at McDonalds the sales team will have to try and sell as much food as they can to the customers so they can make a profit. At Chester Zoo they will have to do the same thing by selling Chester Zoo merchandise.Human resources – Human resource managers are responsible for all aspects of people management in an organisation. The type of work covered in the human resource function might include a policy-making role, welfare role, supportive role, bargaining and negotiating role, administrative role and educational and development role. At Chester Zoo the human resources will ha ve to do an educational and development role because when they have new employees they will need to train them. This goes for the same at McDonalds, where they will have to train their employees.

Four Tips For Successful Web Writing

Four Tips For Successful Web Writing Four Tips For Successful Web Writing Four Tips For Successful Web Writing By Sharon If you want people to read your web content, you have to make it appeal to them. Heres how to do it. First, pick a great title or a good one. A good title is one that tells the reader what your article or post is about. You can use humor or you can play it straight, as long as you inform the reader. Titles with number in them tend to do well. A good title, like a good article, answers the whats in it for me question for readers. Next, talk to your readers as if theyre sitting in the same room. Use the word you liberally, as you were if you were talking to someone. Good web writing is like having a conversation with the person who is reading it. Your writing voice will be a bit like your speaking voice let your personality show. Write short, clear sentences. Make it easy for people to understand what youre talking about. The web audience is international, and not everyone speaks English as a first language. So when you write, avoid jargon and obscure language and provide examples to illustrate your points. Summarize. Use bulleted lists to help people understand the essentials of your topic. Its the old rule: tell them, then tell them what youve told them. Heres a recap. Four ways to write a good web article are to: Pick a good title. Address your readers directly. Keep sentences short and clear. Provide a summary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Among vs. AmongstWhile vs. Whilst

dresden essays

dresden essays It is said that war is inhuman, but I have to disagree. War is vicious, immoral and heartless-true, but if anything it is one of the most human things that exists today. War satisfies a deep primal urge that very few other things can. Battle and fighting in general are very deeply inlaid into the human psyche, the primitive brain holds a certain hunger for the loss of life and pain of others. But modern man is said to have evolved past that. Instilling cutting edge technology to do the dirty deeds of trained madmen, we can sit back, breathe easy, and convince ourselves that we are not deeply relishing this sadistic feast of mortality. The excuses for carnage in 1945 were incendiary bombs. These were bombs filled with some sort of highly combustible chemical, usually napalm. With these, firestorms were invented. Firestorms consist of hundreds of incendiary bombs dropped from planes over a target. After the area catches fire, the air above the bombed area becomes extremely hot and rise s rapidly. Cold air then rushes in at ground level from the outside and people are sucked into the fire. One of the most sadly unknown, yet most deadly of firestorms is Dresden during World War II. The Allies deliberately attacked Dresden in order to break the morale of the Germans. It was claimed that the real reason behind the bombing of Dresden was the destruction of Germans main communications center, but in reality it was a refuge. Dresdens normal population of 650,000 had most likely doubled in the ending months of the war. RAF commanders have said that the bombing was really to trap the German civilians inside, not allowing them to leave the country. Others have said it was to show the Russians how much firepower the British and the U.S. controlled. For whatever reason Dresden was destroyed on February 13th, 1945. 775 Avro Lancasters were sent from the Oboe ground station close behind the front line. 3,300 to ...

Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Planning - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the history of tasks performed goes long back when work was conducted just for individuals’ needs and for livelihood. However, the emergence of businesses has changed the perception of work in the modern era by a substantial extent giving rise to a new concept called employment. This further raised a new paradigm in the industrial world called the Internal Labour Market (ILM) where man-made labor was given more importance than that of the machine labor. However, the scope in ILM is limited wherein wages, salaries and job roles hardly change. Furthermore, with the passage of time, the concept of Strategic HRM (SHRM) came into existence. It is in this context that HRP, as a part of SHRM ensures that the organizations make the best use of its available resources with maximum productivity. It has also been noted that HRP should be simple so that it can be easily executed with minimum chances of discontinuation. However, the process of HRP also possesses certain limitations such as its complexity and time-consuming long-term process. Nevertheless, the process of HRP is often regarded as cost-effective as it manages human resources of organizations quite efficiently. From the understanding obtained through the study, it can be summarised that recruitment is a procedural framework used in HRM practices which involves searching of potential candidates for a particular job position either from the internal business environment of the company or externally. The process of internal recruitment generally comprises of selecting candidates from the existing workforce on the basis of their performance appraisals. Similarly, selecting potential candidates from the external business scenario engages different online job sources used in the modern day scenario. It has been analyzed that the process of recruitment mainly includes the involvement of HR personnel and some other top officials of companies. The concept of internal recruitment is quite beneficial for companies as it tends to be quite cost-effective. It is also deemed as beneficial as it tends to motivate the commitment of the existing employees of the company. Along with these advantages, there are certain arguments raised against the concept of internal recruitment as well. The employees recruited for a higher post from the existing employees of the company will continue to work in the same way as he/she was performing in the lower designation. The candidate chosen might also lack fresh ideas or creativeness as he/she will be one of the existing employees. Similarly, external recruitment by advertising involves certain crucial factors such as publication choice, style, and wording, use of precise versus vague information and other vital aspects related to proper advertising which needs to be considered. Certain difficulties such as the response of the candidates and reachability to potential candidates for a particular job position play a vi tal role in processing effective external recruitment.

Huge selling concentration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Huge selling concentration - Essay Example Consequently it gives competitive advantage to the exporter while entering into a new geographical market and that advantage further consolidates while there are alliances with local distributors and sellers. The local alliances will help in understanding and acquiring skills that are necessary for existence in new geographical market. After alliances the strategy plays key role in making the foray into new geographical market a success. Next aspect that needs discussion in this paper is the production unit that needs to be set up in the new geographical area and selling it. The difference between the former context and the later is that the manufacturer should have much closer relations with the distributors and can have price advantage while marketing as the product is manufactured locally. However, the considerations may alter when the manufacturing a product in a geographical area is a costly process than the making of it in the origin of the company. 1 In the present era, the distribution plan is a time taking plan that involves different delivery systems and multiple logistical channel options. Online inventory tracking is one of the logistical channels and automated fulfillment adds to it. ... Online inventory tracking is one of the logistical channels and automated fulfillment adds to it. The faster transportation despite the online inventory process and automated fulfillment changes the face of distribution and provides an advantage over the competitors. The online inventory helps the marketing manager to furnish the required goods to the marketing channels as well as providing information for the production department so that they can plan production according to marketing needs. However, the distribution options differ with consumer package products, business to business/industrial manufacturing or service industries. When the distribution option varies, marketing manager should observe the change in role of distribution. Hence, the distribution options change from product to product. In case of consumer package product, the distribution role is complex as it depends on retailer. Normally, in the era of competition, manufacturers are planning the marketing strategy, so that they can give the product at the customer's doorstep. This involves three types of distribution options. The first and conventional one is producer-wholesaler-retailer-customer. The second one is producer-retailer-customer. The third and the latest option is producer to consumer. In the first context, the transportation and logistical problems are minimized for the producer but the results depend on the efficiency of the wholesalers and retailers between producer and customer. In the second one, as the wholesaler has been removed from the network, the retailer acts as both wholesaler and retailer due to presence of retail chains over a large geographical area. In

Discipline and Punish by Michel Foucault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discipline and Punish by Michel Foucault - Essay Example Thesis: Power was the fulcrum around which all else revolved during the Classical period and through Foucault’s examples and arguments we understand how the body was debased through coercion and control, but gradually there came about a shift in power relations which we are experiencing today. In Foucault’s words - â€Å"Perhaps we should abandon the belief that power makes mad and that, by the same token, the renunciation of power is one of the conditions of knowledge. We should admit, rather, that power produces knowledge†¦.† (Michael Foucault, 1977, pp. 27/28) According to Foucault, both power and knowledge compliment each other and go hand in hand together. He explains that power relations cannot exist without the field of knowledge and in the same way, it is knowledge that contributes towards power relations. In Part I, Foucault speaks about torture that was used as a tool to discipline the body during the 18th century, giving us examples of torturous p enalties that were meted out during those days such as public executions. E.g. Damien’s torture (pgs. 3-5) This period of torture resulted in the ushering in of a new penal system for Europe and the United States. New theories involving law and crime were introduced while the ancient laws and customs were discarded and the new reforms were based on the political justification of punishment. According to Foucault, â€Å"justice no longer takes public responsibility for the violence that is bound up with its practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Michael Foucault, 1977, p.9) However, with the introduction of the new penal system in our society today, judges have to judge something more than the crime and part of their powers are distributed to other authorities. â€Å"Today, criminal justice functions and justifies itself only by this perpetual reference to something other than itself, by this unceasing reinscription in non-juridical systems.   It’s fate is to be redefined by knowl edge† (22). In Part II, Foucault sheds light on ‘Punishment’. During this period punitive practices were redefined through refinement. Cold blooded criminality morphed into a criminality of fraud. This complex mechanism laid more emphasis and value on more stringent methods of surveillance and effective techniques of getting information which critics called ‘a bad economy of power.’ (79) The eighteenth century saw many reforms in the legal system such as new techniques and tactics for refining and regularizing the art of punishment and reducing the economic and political costs by making it more effective. In Part III, Foucault discusses about ‘Docile bodies’ that was directed towards coercion and supervising the activity rather than the result. In Foucault’s opinion, discipline serves to create docile bodies by disassociating the power from the body. On one hand, it increases an individuals capacity and aptitude but on the other ha nd, it arrests the flow of energy and brings about subjection. According to Foucault, â€Å"disciplinary coercion establishes in the body, the constricting link between an increased aptitude and an increased domination† (138) Among Foucault’s Disciplinary techniques, the one I have chosen for discussion is – ‘Control of Activity.’ Foucault describes discipline as a constant controlling of the activities,