Four Poems by Derek Mahon Essay Example for Free

Four Poems by Derek Mahon Essay Four Poems by Derek Mahon INTRODUCTION Derek Mahon belongs to the same generation of Northern Ireland poets as Seamus Heaney. But, whereas many of Heaneys poems are rooted firmly in the rural landscape of Ulster where he grew up, Mahons poems reflect his childhood spent in Belfast. His familiar places were the streets of the city, the Harland and Wolff shipyard where his g-andfather and father worked, and the flax-spinning factory where his mother worked. Later on, Mahon would come to study at Trinity College Dublin and from there he spread his wings to travel and work in many different places, from France, Canada and America, to London and Kinsale in Co. Cork. , †¢DAY TRIP TO DONEGAL Tie shift, in both meaning and feeling, that :sxes place between the first and final lines of ~ s poem makes it memorable. The title :=e~s ordinary: Day Trip to Donegal suggests :- :~ :od days out at the seaside or even a school trip with classmates and teachers. ~~ opening stanza is conversational in tone. I : ,al at his seaside destination, the poet s n familiar surroundings. There were to be seen and as ever the hills a deeper green/Than anywhere in the : : seems at this point that we are r: r :: share a pleasant day at the seaside in Donegal with the poet. However, just as we . rev. ~~ comfortable with this expectation, -:::†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ appears. We are disturbed by the 2. Deration in the final line and the image : ^reduces: the grave/Grey of the sea Me grwnmer in that enclave. : — : _s -rial line of the opening stanza , a similar scenario in stanza two. The poet watches the fishing-boats arriving back at the pier with their catch. This familiar scene is often described in attractive terms by songwriters and painters. But here Mahon startles us in the second line by describing the catch as A writhing glimmer offish. The word writhing is very vivid. The fish are seen as suffering and this notion becomes more intense in the concluding lines of the stanza where he sees them flopping about the deck/In attitudes of agony and heartbreak. A story is told about Mahon as an only child who spent a lot of time alone. His imagination had free rein and in the bicycle shed in the garden at home the Mahons also kept coal. Apparently the boy Derek Mahon suffered guilt when he went to the shed to get his bicycle. He felt pity for the coal which was, to him, imprisoned in that dark, cold, shed. His compassion was evident even then; he felt sorry for the coal! In Day Trip to Donegal we see that the poets day is changed by the sight of the caught fish. He feels compassion for them in their dying moments. In stanza three the return journey to Belfast is described. This poem is poised between two worlds — the seaside one in rural Donegal and the urban one in Belfast. Have you noticed how Mahon chooses to describe his arrival back in Belfast? We changed down into suburbs/Sunk in a sleep no gale-force wind disturbs. There is a suggestion here of a tamer world than the wild gale-beaten one of Donegal. The phrase changed down refers to the gear-change of the car, but it also shows how the poet is struck by the difference between the rural and the urban worlds he has experienced on that particular day. The sleeping suburbs seem slow and quiet after the drama of the Donegal landscape. Exam ; Career Guide 241 I t/2 _i O Z LU LU h-U LU U Nightmare Stanza four picks up again on the disturbing imagery of stanza two. There is an intense feeling of terror here as the poet recalls his dream after his day out at the seaside. In his nightmare, the sea is seen as a powerful force of destruction. We can be chilled by his description of the sea performing its immeasurable erosions — Spilling into the skull. The combination of words here is powerful: immeasurable erosions and the alliteration of spilling and skull. The choice of the word erosion is worth noting here. It suggests eating away at something — the action of the sea on the coastline over many years. Why does the poet draw a parallel between himself and the eroding coastline, at the mercy of the infinite onslaught of the sea? Could this be an oblique reference to the political circumstances in which he lived in Northern Ireland? We remember that Donegal was described in stanza one as a green enclave. He has travelled there from Belfast — another political entity to which he returns after his day across the border. In the nightmare he is the helpless victim at the mercy of the relentless sea. It mutters its threat — the poet does not enjoy a peaceful sleep after his day-trip to Donegal. Instead he has a kind of nightmare, a surreal vision which is frightening and sinister. The nightmarish journey continues into the final stanza. Now the sea has become a metaphor for the poets own view of his life. He is alone and drifting, has not taken enough caution to prevent this danger and feels surrounded on all sides by the vindictive wind and rain, i. . , the malevolent forces that control his life and which cannot be placated. The poem ends on a note of hopelessness and despair. There is no promise of rescue. His predicament recalls that of the fish described in stanza two — flopping about the deck/In attitudes of agony and heartbreak. †¢ ECCLESIASTES The title of this poem situates it immediately in the context of religion — Ecclesiastes being the title of a book in the Old T estament, used frequently by preachers in their sermons. The context of the poem is the Ulster of the religious preachers and the churchmen which Mahon knew very well, being an Ulster Protestant by birth. The opening three lines of the poem are full of feeling. We notice the repetition of God and the rhythm created by purist and puritan, and wiles and smiles. Mahon is imagining himself as a member of the preaching classes and he tries in this poer-look closely at his identity as an Ulster Protestant. There is self-mockery in h s _s= of the phrase purist little puritan. The preacher is narrow minded (little) and rigid his attitudes — a purist puritan would be 3 extreme version of an ordinary puritan *^ would have been very strict in religious :. -†¢ moral matters. There is mockery and contempt as he describes the preache (Ecclesiastes) as God-chosen and God-fearing. He sees himself as occupying tr-e high moral ground while at the same t~-= basing his morality on fear rather than genuine conviction. The world inhabited by the Ecclesiastes (preachers) is a grim one. The images in ine 4 and 5 convey this most powerfully. The choice of the word dank (meaning da-x sr damp and cold) for the churches and the tied up swings on Sundays paint a joyless picture. Sunday was a particularly gloorny ~ in Protestant Ulster as it was strictly designated for prayer and church-going. Pleasure of any kind was frowned on. Marc then contrasts this life-denying way of lrvrgt;f with the real life of the world — the heat i the world. He mentions how such a rigic code of behaviour allows those Churchmer to avoid the humanising interaction with women and the bright eyes of children. He continues with this train of thought in lines to 16. His tone is very critical. He sees tr-e preacher as using his public morality tc 2*c the real challenges of life — the call on eac of us to understand and forgive. The red bandana and stick and the ban? c referred to represent the antithesis of the preachers life. The red is a lively contrast n the dork doors mentioned before and the bandana and stick would be used on journe to brighter, livelier places than the dark r of Antrim which are washed by the cole January rains. This dark, cold place is the natural habitat of the preacher. He is following in the tradition of his forebears — the heaped graves of your fathers. Here he can close one eye and be king. This is an allusion to Erasmus, who once said: In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is King. Is this a reference to the closed mm and the bigotry of Mahons Ulster? The preacher can lord it over the ordinary peoc whose heavy washing flaps in the housing estates. They are credulous. But Mahons preacher has nothing to offer them. The ft imagery of the poem is filled with contemp 42 Exam ; Career Guide cts the preacher stiff with rhetoric forth to the captive audience yet lothing whatever to offer them — ng nothing under the sun. eamus Heaney writes about Ulster :es in the memory of The Forge, in scape of Bogland, The Harvest Bow and Mahon, on the other hand, has a vision of Ulster — and he shares gt;n with us in Ecclesiastes. It is a place ;tants and Puritans and Preachers. He :dges that this is part of his own oo, and we find that he has a very ew of the narrow, life-denying f the culture which formed him. IT SHOULD BE m, the mindset of another type of explored. This time it is that of the jrderer — who kills another man ie sees as a just cause. When ;ntions the Moon in the Yellow ire reminded of the Irish Civil War. :hat name was written by Denis ;et in 1927. Its story is of a man e who tried to blow up a generator ydroelectric station which was and was a symbol of the progress Irish Free State. Blake was shot by ;gt;f the Free State called Lanigan. The = officer of the Free State is the ir in this poem, as he justifies his nd even takes pride in it. : of Murder titeous tone is struck at the

In the course of the novel four marriages take place. :: Free Essay Writer

In the course of the novel four marriages take place. In the course of the novel four marriages take place. Discuss which one you feel will be the happiest and compare it with the other three to justify your choice. You may wish to consider: - Key events relevant to these relationships - The language, which Austen uses to portray these characters and relationships and Austen’s narrative craft. - Society’s attitudes towards love and marriage in Austen’s period. The four marriages, which I am going to be discussing, are the marriage of Mr Collins to Charlotte Lucas, Lydia Bennet and Wickham, Jane and Bingley and finally Elizabeth and Mr Darcy. I will also discuss the marriage of Mr and Mrs Bennet, as there is a lot of important information, which Austen includes about marriage relating to them. Right from the start marriage is mentioned in an ironic and humorous way and hints the events, which are to follow. ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’ It highlights the importance of marriage within the world of the novel. The sentence suggests that the sole purpose for marriage was to increase the characters social and financial ranking. The quote mentions nothing of love yet it provokes the feeling tint he minds of the readers that the purpose of marriage was to merely create security. We see that Mrs Bennet has a consuming passion to find suitable marriage partners for her daughters. In her opinion the wealthier a young man the more an attractive proposition he becomes. Jane Austen is keen in this book to point out the dangers of a marriage that is not based on mutual love and respect. The first marriage we witness is the unsatisfactory relationship between Mr and Mrs Bennet. It is their absurd personality clash that causes us to look for qualities in their relationship, which could help us believe this was a happy marriage. Unlike other relationships in the novel we are able to see the effects which time has had on their relationship. The main pleasure Mr Bennet receives from married life results from teasing his wise and finding amusement at her expense. They are clearly incompatible and we see no signs of love at this stage. Mrs Bennet is obsessed with marrying off her daughters, while Mr Bennet enjoys reading and countryside pursuits. However, they both seem to draw vague contentment through compromise and small things; for example when Mr Bennet proclaimed himself adamant not to visit Mr Bingley when his intentions were otherwise. Mr Bennet had his

Foundation :: essays research papers

Foundation I believe that all children should have a strong foundation in Ethnicity because ethnicity plays a role in everyone’s life. You can’t avoid ethnicity, no matter where you go. Ethnicity is not just race, but religious beliefs and other ways of life too. That is why I believe that you can’t avoid it. Children should be introduced to this foundation early in life because the earlier they learn, the more accepting of it they’ll be. Also, by learning about ethnicity at an early age, children can create their own perspective on life as they grow older. Also, children can learn what is important to other people. If they know about the way this person lives and feels, they will be closer to that person. Ethnicity is something we take for granted too often. If you ask people what ethnicity is in their minds, they’ll say Italians, Hispanics, Germans and so forth. Yes, this is true, this is part of ethnicity, but people in the same groups(i.e. Italians) donâ⠂¬â„¢t all view a subject in similar way. Often, they have different views. To educate a child in this foundation is very important. Without it, children will view everything as the same, and if that happens, people get angry with you and have ill feelings toward you. Therefore, we must educate children thoroughly in ethnicity so that they will understand life better. The Wizard of Oz- Dorothy leaves Kansas and is taken to a mysterious land. She has to adapt to the lifestyle to survive. The Emperor’s New Clothes- the emperor views the tailors as smart. When he realizes that he’s wearing nothing, he must deal with the people of his kingdom. A Christmas Carol- Scrooge sees how the families of his employees live. He realizes that he is wealthy and should share his money with others. Reading- You can read books about other countries or people. Math- You can play a game using numbers from other languages Science- You can match scientists to the country they come from

Evaluating a technology concepts lesson Essay

The learning environment observed was one that had the use of computers in mind. The classroom size was big enough to seat around twenty or so students that had a student:computer ratio of 1:1. The computers were arranged in such a way that two rows of computers were back to back so that students would be facing each other. There were four rows in all with the teacher seated on the end of one row. This arrangement allowed easy student to student interaction and at the same time easy teacher to student interaction since the teacher was situated where she had a full view of all the students. An overhead projector was also set up beside the teacher with the screen facing her and the students, allowing a real time view of what the teacher was doing on her own computer making it for her to explain the tasks she gave to her students. This made it easy for students to easily check their work against the teacher’s without having to disrupt the class. 1-b: Many education activities could be observed in the class. The given task was to identify from the given paragraphs the main ideas and the supporting details to the main ideas. The students were then tasked to use the computers to put their ideas down and make sure they edited their work. Thus, the most important parts of the whole activity were brainstorming, graphic organizing, and word processing. In the brainstorming activity, the students had sharing in ideas in small group discussions that the teacher utilized to give the students time talk about their ideas. These helped the students in identifying the main ideas and supporting details. They then summarized their discussions. These small group discussions help the students learn better since they are able to check whether their ideas have merit or not. In a way, they are doing checks and balances. The graphic organizing and word processing then bring them to the realm of technology where they can put their ideas and their work to life. They can actually view the work they came up with by typing these in, editing it, and checking whether the spelling and grammar are all correct. 1-c: Effective teaching is always seen when a teacher begins the lesson with a short statement of goals, presents the material in small steps with clear instructions and explanation, and provide a high level of practice for all the students. An effective teacher also checks for student understanding and guide the students through the exercise. The teacher also provides a venue for feedback to see whether the lesson was understood and know what areas can be improved (Rosenshine & Stevens, 1986). Keeping that in mind, my observation was that the teacher did exactly what is expected of an effective teacher. She stated the goals of the lesson and delivered the instructions of the lesson step-by-step. She also gave examples of what she meant and used the computer and overhead projector to show the students what she meant. She provided the students a venue to discuss their ideas and thereby giving them a high level of practice within the lesson. Not only that, by letting the students do their work with the use of the computer, she provided another venue for real life situations wherein writing is done on computers including editing and revising. At the end of the lesson, she asked one student to read to the class his writing output and gave feedback by acknowledging that the student was able to do his work correctly since the student had a main idea and some supporting details in his work. 2-a: The students were very much engaged with the task and the vehicle of technology used to deliver the lesson. They seemed comfortable with the use of the technology and I attribute this to the teacher’s step-by-step delivery of the lesson. Her style of going through the task by showing the students what she meant made it easy for the students to follow and most likely gave them the courage to do the task. 3-a: The instructional purpose of the lesson was to simulate real life writing wherein writers make use of the computer to write, edit, and revise their work. Her additional goals included a better knowledge of the use of graphic organizers after the lesson. Her choice of technology was the best choice in terms of simulating real life situations. Not only that, it gave her students an introduction to the use of a computer in writing. This is important since this knowledge is very important not only in real life situations but also in schooling. Evidently, most assignments nowadays are expected to be handed in typewritten, in a certain format, and in a certain font. Her choice then was the best choice in driving home the lesson that students should learn to use the computer in doing the task of summarizing an essay an identifying the main ideas with supporting details included. 4-a: The effectiveness of the lesson delivery is seen in how a student is able to achieve then endpoint of the lesson. The use of technology then is a vehicle towards that endpoint. Now, if a teacher is able to effectively deliver the lesson, the endpoint can easily be achieved. This was clearly seen in the video. The teacher was able to use the computer technology in arriving at the endpoint of having a professionally made summary containing the main ideas and supporting details of her given essay at the start of the class. In the same vein, she was able to improve the students’ abilities in the use of the graphic organizer and word processor. Also, since the ratio of student:computer was 1:1, it gave the students a certain satisfaction that the work they did was actually work made by their own hands. They could say that it was a product of their own hard work and be proud and they were proud of their achievement. 4-b: I was trying to analyze how best an English lesson could be incorporated with the use of technology and tried to reflect how I could maximize not only the use of technology but also maximize the endpoints that is always best when teaching English—meaning I would not only want that my students know how to use a graphic organizer and word processor, I want them to learn how to brainstorm, share ideas, work on their own to arrive at the correct answers, and still achieve metacognitive learning by letting the students themselves arrive at reflection on whether the lesson did improve their knowledge and by how much. This is the kind of endpoint I would want in every lesson I have. Thus, this is why my evaluation of this evaluation came about from this viewpoint and why it mattered much to me that the students were able to get the best of the world of English writing and technology. 5-a:One alternative or additional form of technology that could have been useful was the use of audios. Students could be given separate paragraphs or essays that they had to listen to individually or in small groups. This would also test their listening skills as well as their comprehension skills. This alternative would make use of what is known as the VAK attack or Visual, Auditory, and Kinetic learning. This can increase learning since more senses are used. 5-b: My choice of recommendation relies in my belief that multisensorial learning is a good way to increase their chances of remembering the lesson. It also give a wider range of engagement in terms of capturing students’ attention since some students are visual, some auditory, and others kinetic. When a teacher tries to deliver a lesson that makes use multiple senses, it increases the chances of more students retaining the lesson. 6-a:My initial reaction to the use of technology in the observed classroom was one of approval. I find that the use of modern day technology should be used more often in the classroom setting since I believe that learning should reflect situations in real life. It would not be beneficial for a student to be kept ignorant of the use of technology when in school since once they are out of the campus they face a different situation. The use of modern day technology is very evident in every corner of our lives. A good example would be the use of ATMs which needs at least a very basic knowledge of keyboard use or touchscreen interface knowledge. It may be difficult to accept especially if the teacher belongs to an older generation that did not incorporate as much technology but I believe that it should be part and parcel of most lessons today. 6-b: As I expressed in my thinking process of this evaluation, I really considered how technology can be maximized in teaching as much to a student without giving them an information overload. My personal view has always been a multisensorial approach to learning helps. The professional implication of this is that I always try to incorporate a multisensorial approach to my teaching style. REFERENCES Rosenshine, B. , & Stevens, R. (1986). Teaching functions. In M. C. Whittrock (Ed. ), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed. , pp. 376-391). New York: Macmillan.

Learn to Write a Scholarship Essay Not Risking Your Future

Learn to Write a Scholarship Essay Not Risking Your Future How to Write a Remarkable and Outstanding Scholarship Essay Scholarship essay is far more challenging than a book review or a lab report, so it requires much devotion and efforts. If you want to enter a college of your dreams, to get a scholarship or become a part of an international program, you will surely find our article useful! Continue reading and you will learn scholarship essays classification, its main features and all the underwater stones you may face. In case you are in a hurry and have no time for reading, just place an order and our professional writers will write an essay for you! The Best Tips for Writing a Great Scholarship Essay If you want to get the highest chances, the first and the most important advice is to follow every instruction the admission committee has. Keep in mind even the slightest details, such as number of words and required formatting style. Every part of these instructions matters and influences your final score greatly. Our expert writers recommend reading guidelines as many times as necessary not to miss a single detail out! For most of the academic assignments, placing a quote in the beginning can be a good start. However, it is completely different from a scholarship essay, because the admission officer wants to learn more about your own personality and words. Always pay attention to the structure of your sentences. Don’t be Captain Obvious but still remain brief and stick to the main point. Outline of a Scholarship Essay As with any other written assignment, knowing how to structure a paper can be half of success. We offer you a great outline for almost any type of scholarship essay. Use it for your own paper and you will see how much easier the process will become! Introduction In this section you should tell who you are, what your values are, tell something about your country of origin, parents and so on. You can also explain a major challenge you had to face and how you overcame it, becoming stronger and wiser. List your goals, whether they are educational or career ones. Start with current goals. For example, why you want to enter the particular college and study the chosen field, and what your reasons to seek financial assistance are. Then proceed with more distant goals, like skills you are willing to obtain and how you want to use them to help the community. Conclusion When the body sections are ready, you need to summarize all of your ideas and once again explain why you want to get a grant and why you worth it. An Outstanding Introduction for Your Scholarship Essay The most important feature of creating a great scholarship essay is working hard on its introduction. Actually, it is the basic tool to catch and hold attention of the audience, so you need to work on the first paragraph really hard to impress the admission committee. Take a pen before typing an essay on your computer and write down all the information you find useful within your research. This stage can include reading examples of scholarship essays, watching related movies or reading books. Organize ideas in terms of their importance and relevance. A good idea is to start your introduction with a simple narration, conveying even the smallest details. For example, you can give a brief description of the best Thanksgiving with your family. Don’t include a quote, because it is too trivial. Here are some winning ideas for your hook sentence: A rhetorical question; Metaphor, simile or allegory; Fact; Statistics; Anecdote or joke. Another way to impress the board is to start introduction with a problem, which is widely discussed in the society. Such problems may include environmental issues, gun control, elections and much more. If you are willing to become a journalist or a writer, your introduction should contain information on how your future field can deliver important messages to the society. Tell about the things you can contribute to the college and local community! 11 Simple Steps to Creating a Flawless Introduction When you apply for an educational institution, you always have to do massive work, from brainstorming to filling in tones of various papers. Below are 11 simple steps, which will help you create a great scholarship essay. Make a powerful introduction to grab attention of the audience. Your goal is to make them want to go on reading. Compare the following examples: Interest in reading and completing college assignments is important for every student; In March 2014 I made the biggest mistake in my life. Do you see the difference? While the first example is very impersonal and boring, the second makes the reader want to know more about the matter; If you are planning to enter several colleges, you don’t have to write different essays. Use the same one in different ways; Make sure you are interested in the topic, because it is impossible to deliver a great scholarship essay if you don’t like the subject; Think about your audience to decide what topic may be interesting and appealing; Your goal is to stand out from thousands of other works, so don’t be traditional or trivial. Remain creative and follow your own style to grab reader’s attention; Follow every instruction. If you doubt, read guidelines again and again until you understand them properly; Focus on the matter without adding any unnecessary details; Always add a thesis statement to your introduction; Once your scholarship essay is ready, check whether it has any spelling, grammar or punctuation mistakes. If you doubt, ask your friend or teacher for help. There are also multiple editing services available, which check texts for any mistakes; Plan your work well in advance. If you want to create a great essay, you shouldn’t be in a hurry; Avoid plagiarism. In case you want to copy information from books or websites, don’t forget to mention the source. How a Great Scholarship Essay Conclusion Should Look Like Many students think that conclusion is nothing but a summary of the whole work. However, it is also a chance to leave a positive impression and make the reader remember you. Your conclusion should explain the board why you are a good candidate for obtaining a scholarship, so you don’t have the right for mistakes. Instead of copying your thesis, try to rewrite it in new and catchy words. Here are some examples, which may boost your imagination: ‘Hey, mom,’ I said,’ I am not coming back! I have found my place in the world and will stay in Rome to start writing. I am sorry if this decision hurts you but it’s my life.’ ‘I entered the new office with confidence and tranquility.’ The road was twisting and turning, showing me all the amazing colors of a warm Texas morning, proving that nature is alive.’ The best way to remain logical in your conclusion is to close the circle. This means if you started an essay with a specific topic, you should return to that question and answer it in your conclusion. Now, when you know how to start and finish your scholarship essay, the only thing left is to get ready and decide what topic to choose! Top 10 Ideas to Dwell on in a Great Scholarship Essay You won’t be able to find a list of scholarship essay topics, because you can talk about literally anything depending on your goal, personality and educational institution you are willing to enter. The best way to succeed is to choose a topic based on your skills, experience and motivation. However, we have made a list of possible questions that may help if you have no ideas. Tell the story of your family to emphasize the importance of higher education within generations; The ways you got used to overcoming challenges, failures and mistakes; Things you like and why. These may be hobbies, movies, books, celebrities, etc.; How a certain event from the past inspired you to get education? What can be changed in your local community? Plans and goals for the future, which explain why you need support with covering the tuition fee; Current situation, which influences your personality; Personal financial needs; What affects who you are; Achievements you are proud of. Get Professional Help When you have completed your scholarship essay, it is the right time to read it carefully, revise the draft and eliminate all sorts of mistakes. But what if the deadline is approaching and you still don’t have a ready scholarship essay? If you want to simplify the process and make sure your essay is ready on time, the best advice will be to order it from professional writing services online. In such a way you will receive a great paper, which will impress the board and will make you much closer to the scholarship you are dreaming of! Unfortunately, not many people find writing simple. If you spend hours sitting in front of a blank sheet of paper and thinking whether there is someone to do your work for you, you surely need assistance! No need to ask other students for help or drive to a distant office of a writing service: just turn on your PC and place an order any time and any place you are. Professional writers know how to create an outstanding scholarship essay, a research paper or any other type of assignment. A quality and reputable writing company, such as Tutoriage, hires only professional tutors and writers, which means your scholarship essay will be flawless and all of your guidelines will be followed. Do you lack time for a scholarship essay? Do you want to make sure your work has no mistakes? Do you think that your writing skills are not enough to express your ideas perfectly? If any of such questions arise, don’t hesitate to contact our specialists and we will complete your scholarship essay in a blink of an eye!

Free Essays on African Americans in Math

There were many great African- Americans in history that math marks in significant areas of education. These two women made there mark in a very uncommon area for African-Americans especially women. They became great mathematicians and became rewarded for there great marks in the mathematical history. Evelyn Boyd Granville was born in Washington, DC and attended Dunbar High School, a segregated high school at the time. Her interest in mathematics was encouraged by two mathematics teachers, Ulysses Basset (a graduate of Yale) and Mary Cromwell (graduate of the University of Pennsylvania). Granville attended Smith College on a partial scholarship. In 1945 she graduated summa cum laude and elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Granville worked with Einar Hille, a distinguished mathematician in the field of functional analysis, as her Ph.D. faculty advisor at Yale University. Evelyn Granville received a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Yale in 1949, the same year as another woman mathematician; Marjorie Lee Browne received a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Michigan. Granville and Browne represented the first two Black women to receive doctorates in Mathematics in the United States. Following her graduation from Yale Evelyn Granville spent a year as a research assistant at the New York University Institute of Mathematics and part-time instructor in the mathematics department of New York University (NYU). Professor Granville was then appointed as Associate Professor of Mathematics at Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee from 1950-1952, where two of her former students went on to receive Ph.D. in Mathematics, Vivienne Malone Mayes and Etta Zuber Falconer. Dr. Vivienne Mayes received her doctorate from the University of Texas at Austin and Dr. Etta Falconer received her Ph.D. degree in mathematics from Emory University. Marjorie Lee Browne was born to Mary Taylor Lee and Lawrence Johnson Lee, in Memphis, Tennessee, on September 9, 1914. Mar... Free Essays on African Americans in Math Free Essays on African Americans in Math There were many great African- Americans in history that math marks in significant areas of education. These two women made there mark in a very uncommon area for African-Americans especially women. They became great mathematicians and became rewarded for there great marks in the mathematical history. Evelyn Boyd Granville was born in Washington, DC and attended Dunbar High School, a segregated high school at the time. Her interest in mathematics was encouraged by two mathematics teachers, Ulysses Basset (a graduate of Yale) and Mary Cromwell (graduate of the University of Pennsylvania). Granville attended Smith College on a partial scholarship. In 1945 she graduated summa cum laude and elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Granville worked with Einar Hille, a distinguished mathematician in the field of functional analysis, as her Ph.D. faculty advisor at Yale University. Evelyn Granville received a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Yale in 1949, the same year as another woman mathematician; Marjorie Lee Browne received a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Michigan. Granville and Browne represented the first two Black women to receive doctorates in Mathematics in the United States. Following her graduation from Yale Evelyn Granville spent a year as a research assistant at the New York University Institute of Mathematics and part-time instructor in the mathematics department of New York University (NYU). Professor Granville was then appointed as Associate Professor of Mathematics at Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee from 1950-1952, where two of her former students went on to receive Ph.D. in Mathematics, Vivienne Malone Mayes and Etta Zuber Falconer. Dr. Vivienne Mayes received her doctorate from the University of Texas at Austin and Dr. Etta Falconer received her Ph.D. degree in mathematics from Emory University. Marjorie Lee Browne was born to Mary Taylor Lee and Lawrence Johnson Lee, in Memphis, Tennessee, on September 9, 1914. Mar...

History of Cigarettes essays

History of Cigarettes essays Tobacco was first introduced to Western Society in the 16th Century. There is evidence that the herb was being used in Asia and Northern America for centuries before its introduction to European explorers. Christopher Columbus said that he witnessed the great use of tobacco among the Native Americans when he discovered America in the late 15th Century but there is evidence of earlier explorers having seen that before Columbus. French explorer Jacques Cartier wrote the first report of early experimentation by Europeans, describing how he had smoked tobacco with Native Americans while in the Americas. The Europeans were amazed by the American Indian culture that told of tobacco being used as a medicine to cure mental and physical problems (i.e. sexually transmitted diseases) when it was first introduced in Europe. In England and France, tobacco was seen as a privilege because of the tales of Sir Walter Raleigh, which convinced even the queen to start smoking. In the US, tobacco farming grew greatly, because it was the preferred way to trade with Europe for their manufactured goods. Because of this, methods had to be developed to make tobacco survive days by ship across the seas, so the early settlers developed fire-curing and later charcoal curing which made it keep its taste and be able to last longer. Tobacco was introduced into Europe in the mid-16th Century, France in 1556, then Portugal in 1558, Spain 1559 and England in 1565 then it just spread to all In many Indian cultures, tobacco was used in religious practices. The smell of the smoke from burning tobacco leaves was an incense for offerings to the gods. Augurs and sooth-sayers observed the motions of tobacco sparks and smoke to try to foretell the future. In many tribes of North America, ...